The most commonly used inferential or rate meter is the thinplate, concentric. Nonnuflo brand dual chamber fittings may require a nitrile seal ring. Orifice plates for flow measurement and flow restriction. Standard flange styles are raised face rf weld neck, rf slipon, or rf threaded for paddle type orifice plates, and ring type joint rtj weld neck for universal. Pdf flow measurement and control system in oil gas industry. It is based on proven technology, has no moving parts and is suitable for hightemperature and highpressure applications.
The upstream side of the orifice plate usually has a sharp, square edge facing into the flow. The point where the fluid flow profile constricts to a minimum crosssectional. This plate creates a restriction in a pipe that causes a difference in pressure between the two sides. A meter then measures the difference in pressure across the orifice plate. The operator must loosen all bolts and remove half of the bolts, spread the flanges by. Types of pressure taps used in orifice piping guide. The orifice plate has a tab or printed label on one side where the specifications for the plate are stamped. Line sizes 12 and above require the seal to be vulcanized to the o. As shown in figure 6223 the maximum thickness varies from 0. An orifice plate is a thin plate with a hole in it, which is usually placed in a pipe. Types of orifice plates advantages and disadvantages concentric, eccentric, segmental, quadrant edge mecholic 1 comments the orifice plate is one of the simplest devices that can be easily introduced to the flow system. Types of orifices orifices can be of different types depending upon their size, shape, and nature of discharge.
Their bore diameter is calculated to generate the specified diflerential pressure at full scale flow rate. It is known that if severe cavitation occurs at piping in which the restriction orifice is installed, the trouble such as pipe vibration, noise and pipe erosion may occur. Depending on the service, these seals are made of nitrile, tfe, or stainless steel. These orifice plate types employ rounded or conicalentrance holes in an effort to minimize the effects of fluid viscosity. Download information about different types of orifice plates with hub connections. There are several types of orifice flanges, the more common being. The orifice plate is basically a thin metal plate 1. Flow rate is determined based on the difference between pressure readings in the upstream side and the downstream side of the pipe.
Orifice plate flow meter construction and working principle. Orifice plates are manufactured to stringent guidelines and tolerances for flatness bore diameter, surface finish, and imperfections in machining such as nicks and wire edges on the bore. The plate is similar to the type 500 orifice plate but has a 2in. Generally the plate holder is of soft iron material. Over the years we have manufactured and supplied orifice plate assemblies to many. When it obstructs the flow of a fluid, a differential pressure is produced across the plate. The orifice plate is available in standard material such as ss316, ss304, ss316l, monel, hastelloyc, etc. Orifice plates are the most widely used type of flow meters in the world today. The line size, flange rating, orfice bore, and plate material is stamped on the handle.
Orifice plates, orifice plates manufacturers, types of. An introduction to an orifice meter 909 words bartleby. An orifice meter is a piece of equipment used to measure the flow rate of a gas or a fluid. Introduction an orifice meter is a type of flow meter used to measure the rate of flow of liquid in form of steam, using the differential pressure measurement principle.
Orifice plate assemblies with rtj holder the plate holder assembly is a combination of plate holder and an orifice plate designed for ring tongue joint rtj flanges. Orifice plates are recommended for clean liquids, gases and lowvelocity steam flows. Standard paddletype plates are also available for use in daniel. Blenden iso 5167 2 2003 deutsche fassung en iso iso 5167 orifice plate flow meter excel download free ebook. Types of orifice plates used in flow measurement learning. The device is mainly used when the transfer of hydrocarbons from one entity to other entity has to take place. The orifice meter tube meter run consists of upstream and downstream sections of pipe for which size and tolerance have been determined through calculation and which conform to specifications set forth in ansiapi 2530 gpa 818585 140. An orifice flow meter figure 1 is used to create a constriction in the flow path. The plate obstructing the flow offers a precisely measured obstruction that narrows the pipe and forces the flowing fluid to constrict. The orifice plate flow detector is the simplest of the flowpath restrictions used in flow detection, as well as the most economical. The original orifice plate holding device was the orifice flange union figure 1.
This type of orifice plate is manufactured by machining a precise, straight hole in the middle of a thin metal plate. Different types of orifice plates instrumentation and. Types of orifice plates square edged concentric these are most commonly used for flow measurement. Construction and working principle of orifice plate flow meter video lecture of flow measurement transducers chapter in subject electronic instrumentation an. Orifice plate apertures can be configured to handle various flow measurement applications. The task of properly sizing an orifice plate for any given application is complex enough to recommend the use of special orifice sizing computer software provided by orifice plate manufacturers. As the fluid flows through the hole in the orifice plate, in accord.
Though inexpensive as compared to other devices, the orifice flange union utilizes the more expensive paddletype orifice plate and requires additional labor to perform an orifice plate change. They are used to allow the transmitter to tap into the pipe to measure the high and low pressure sides of the flow. The most commonly used inferential or rate meter is the thinplate, concentric orifice meter which is the primary device discussed in this paper. Pair this up with an orifice flange to provide a convenient, accurate method for installing orifice plates.
Nov 10, 2018 an orifice meter is a piece of equipment used to measure the flow rate of a gas or a fluid. Orifice flanges are one of the most economical means of measuring flow, and daniel orifice flanges are manufactured to be the most accurate. Orifice plates are manufactured to stringent guidelines and tolerances for flatness bore diameter, surface finish, and imperfections in machining such as. The plate holder has a function of holding the orifice plate and also a function as a gasket to prevent leakage of the process fluid. Calibration of an orifice plate flowmeter mechanical engineering department king saud university riyadh submitted by. Jan 02, 2016 a photograph of an integral orifice plate and transmitter is shown here,in an application measuring the flow of purified oxygen gas through a copper pipe. Flow measurement and control system in oil gas industry 23 of 33 turbine meters can be provided with an electronic flow ratecumulative flow readout mounted either. They are normally mounted between a pair of flanges and are installed in a straight run of smooth pipe to avoid disturbance of flow patterns from fittings and valves. Square edge concentric, quadrant edged, conical entrance. Orifice plate flow calculations and design engineers. An orifice plate is an instrumentation device which is used for measuring the gas or liquid flow rate, reducing the pressure of flowing fluid or gas, and restricting the flow rate. Orifices are mainly used for measuring the rate of fluid flow. Types of pressure taps used in orifice posted by akki on 1. The pressure drop is at its maximum at the vena contracta.
Types of orifice plate designs the orifice plate is a relatively inexpensive component of the orifice flow meter. The opening can be of circular, triangular or rectangular in cross section and they are named on the basis of shape accordingly. Behind the orifice the pressure recovers partly to its original value. Beveled orifice plates are obviously unidirectional, and must be installed with the paddle text facing upstream. In fact, this allows squareedged orifice plates to be used for measuring bidirectional flow rates where the fluid flow direction reverses itself from time to time. Plates can be ordered in standard stainless steel or optional monel.
The design of an orifice plate or any other primary device starts with the accumulation of several data items. Looking at the sideview of this orifice plate, the intended direction of flow is lefttoright, with the sharp edge facing the incoming fluid stream and the bevel providing a noncontact outlet for the fluid. Lets consider a few typical orifice plate configurations. It consists of an orifice plate which is the basic element of the instrument. The orifice plates are correctly finished to the dimensions, surface roughness, and flatness to the applicable standard.
In flow control applications, orifice plates are used as restriction devices to regulate fluid flow or reduce the flowing pressure downstream of the orifice plate. Of all the pressurebased flow elements in existence, the most common is the orifice plate. The thickness of the orifice plate at the orifice edge shall not exceed the smaller of 1 50 of the pipe diameter d or 1 8 of the orifice diameter d. This change can be used to measure the flowrate of the fluid. Universal orifice plates type 500 the type 500 orifice plate is a standard design used in most brands of single and dual chamber orifice fittings. It is typically made of carbon steel, and the main components of the device are. Orifice plate is a device for measuring volumetric or mass fluid flow rates. The design of the orifice plate, its position and the position of the tappings are described and specified by bs and iso standards to minimise pressure losses and to give reproducible results. A fluid passing though an orifice constriction will experience a drop in pressure across the orifice. An orifice plate measures the flow of a liquid or gas by the difference in pressure from the upstream to the downstream. In the case of a sharpedged orifice, the effective diameter is 0. Deltafluid design office studies, designs and delivers drawings for any different type of orifice plates as well as complete flow and temperature. Orifice plates are mainly used for flow measurements.
Orifice plates are typically sandwiched between two flanges of a pipe joint, allowing for easy installation and removal. Keywords daniel, flange union, daniel industries orifice plate. Orifice plates are the simplest type of primary flow elements. Orifice plate assemblies with rtj holder flow measuring. Orifice is defined as the small opening on side or bottom of a tank through which any kind of fluid is flowing. The orifice plate should be located where the fluid is cleanest. Paddle type orifice plates series 520 series 520 the paddle type orifice plate series 520 is designed for use between orfice flange unions. The simplest design of orifice plate is the squareedged, concentric orifice. The software can be used to size orifice plates square edge orifices. The plate holder along with the orifice plate can be also machined from one piece. Orifice design calculator can size a gasliquid orifice plate using iso5167 2003 international standard and cranes flow of fluids through valves equation 3. To calculate the flowrate of a fluid passing through an orifice plate, enter the parameters below. Calculation, materials and welding is fully documented.
There is a remaining pressure loss differential pressure flow measurement with orifice plates and other types of restrictions is standardized by iso 5167. It is used for robust applications as it is known for its durability and is economical. The orifice plate is one of the simplest devices that can be easily introduced to the flow system. There are many types of inferential meters available, including. Orifice flow calculation data sheet calculating an orifice diameter it is difficult to accurately calculate the flow of a gas or liquid through a tiny orifice due to the effect of the leading edge of the orifice. Iso5167 standard the multiholes orifice plate is a nonstandardized flow element but is designed and manufactured according to iso5167 standard requirements. Restriction orifice plates and critical flow devices. Mar 21, 2018 orifice is defined as the small opening on side or bottom of a tank through which any kind of fluid is flowing. Some orifice plates employ nonsquareedged holes for the purpose of improving performance at low reynolds number values, where the effects of fluid viscosity are more apparent. Orifice plate, model flcop orifice flange, model flcfl. This means that although cheap to install, an orifice plate may cause six or seven times the pumping loss of a venturi which has a coefficient of 0.
These data points are then used to design physical dimensions of the orifice plate including the outer diameter, the plate thickness, the handle requirements, and the orifice bore. When a fluid whether liquid or gaseous passes through the orifice, its pressure builds up slightly upstream of the orifice. Line sizes 210 require a removable orifi ce plate seal. This issimply a metal plate with a hole in the middle for fluid to flow through. As the headline implies two main types of flow limitation exist. Common types of differentialpressure flow meters are the orifice, the pitot tube, and the venturi tube.
Orifice design calculator crane and iso5167 methods. Orifice plate holder a pressure containing piping element, such as a set of orifice flanges or an orifice fitting used to contain and position the orifice plate in the piping system. This seal ring is available as an optional accessory from cameron. They offer significant cost benefits over other types of flow meters, especially in larger line sizes, and have proved to be rugged, effective and reliable over many years. But the following are important from the subject point of view. Orifice plates are flat plates 116 to 14 inch thick.
Squareedged orifice plates may be installed in either direction, since the orifice plate appears exactly the same from either direction of fluid approach. The value of the differential pressure is very much depending on the diameter ratio. Universal type orifice plate the universal type orifi ce plate is designed to be used in an orifi ce fi tting. In case of orifices, the drop in pressure varies from the location of the orifice plate to the downstream side until the flow becomes fully developed. Types of orifice plates advantages and disadvantages concentric, eccentric, segmental, quadrant edge mecholic 1 comments. Jul 03, 2018 construction and working principle of orifice plate flow meter video lecture of flow measurement transducers chapter in subject electronic instrumentation an. The orifice consists of a flat plate with a hole drilled in it. Considered the most common primary element, meriams concentric orifice plates are precision bored to exact dimensions with a sharp upstream edge to ensure accuracy. One type is the restriction orifice plate, which in construction and calculation follows the orifice plate, i. It mainly consists of an orifice plate, an orifice plate housing, and a meter tube. There are 6 types of pressure taps that can be used on pipes in conjunction with orifice plates. The sizing of multiholes orifice plates is achieved in our design office with the same software as the one used for sharpedge orifice plates in compliance with the iso5167 standard.
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